A frozen conflict refers to a situation where active combat has ended, but no formal peace agreement has been reached, leaving the underlying issues unresolved. These conflicts remain dormant, but tensions persist, and they can flare up at any time. Examples of frozen conflicts include the situation in Nagorno-Karabakh between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the division of Cyprus, and the territorial disputes in Transnistria, Moldova. Frozen conflicts are difficult to resolve because they often involve deeply entrenched historical, ethnic, or territorial disputes, and external powers sometimes support opposing sides.