Hegemony refers to the dominance or leadership of one state or group over others, either regionally or globally. A hegemon exercises control not only through military power but also through economic influence, cultural leadership, and diplomatic sway. After World War II, the U.S. emerged as a global hegemon, leading in military, economic, and cultural terms.

Regional hegemony can also exist, such as China’s growing influence in East Asia or Russia’s ambitions in Eastern Europe. Hegemony often brings stability to international systems but can also provoke resistance from emerging powers.