The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) is a global commitment to prevent genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. The doctrine was endorsed by all member states of the United Nations in 2005, and it holds that the international community must intervene, including through the use of force, if a government fails to protect its citizens from mass atrocities. R2P has been invoked in cases like Libya in 2011, where NATO-led intervention aimed to protect civilians from government-led violence. However, the principle remains controversial, with critics arguing that it can be used to justify foreign intervention in a state’s internal affairs.